In the latter part of the Book of Mormon, we see a resurgence of the name “Nephi.” First, we have Helaman’s son, Nephi (Helaman 3:21) This Nephi has a son, also named Nephi. (3 Nephi 1:2) He is the one present at the time of the ministry of Christ.
In 4th Nephi however, we’re faced with a tricky ambiguity. We learn that the Nephi here is the father of Amos (4 Nephi 1:19), and it would appear that he is the son of Nephi, the disciple. Our only real clue into who he is comes from the heading of 4th Nephi, which says:
“The Book of Nephi, who is the son of Nephi, one of the disciples of Jesus Christ.”
I may be splitting hairs here, but it seems that this could be interpreted one of two ways:
- The Book of:
- Nephi, who is the the son of:
- Nephi, one of the disciples of Jesus Christ
- Nephi, who is the the son of:
- The Book of:
- Nephi, who is:
- The Son of Nephi
- One of the Disciples of Jesus Christ
- Nephi, who is:
Interpretation 1 suggests he is the great-grandson of Helaman who we know virtually nothing of.
Interpretation 2 suggests he is the grandson of Helaman, the disciple we know of from the Book of 3rd Nephi.
In case that didn’t make sense, here are the two proposed geneologies:
- Helaman
- Nephi (Lehi’s Brother)
- Nephi (Disciple of Christ)
- Nephi ( Of 4th Nephi)
- Amos
- Helaman
- Nephi (Lehi’s Brother)
- Nephi (Disciple of Christ & Of 4th Nephi)
- Amos
Looking at the references to time in 4th Nephi, and estimating Nephi the disciple’s age, the evidence seems in favor of the first interpretation, indicating that there is a Nephi between Nephi the disciple and Amos, but I find it interesting that a reworking of the same text leaves open the possibility that our reading of the Book of Mormon might have fabricated new character, and Amos is simply the son of Nephi the disciple.
Grant Hardy, in The Book of Mormon: A Reader’s Edition (p. 701), indicates his preference for your first genealogy: Helaman (6th chief judge) has a son Nephi (7th chief judge), who in turn has a son Nephi (one of the Twelve), who then also has a son named Nephi (Book of 4 Nephi).
I had a professor who shared an opinion that it was the son of the disciple but pointed out that the disciple was still young enough to keep writing and it was a bit odd that he had turned it over to his son so soon compared to everyone else.
His speculation was that the disciple has been one of the three and was thus translated now and it was no longer his calling to write any more.
2nd Nephi isn’t written by Nephi’s son, so I agree with the idea that it could just be more of Nephi the 7th chief judge.